The Supreme Court of India has reiterated the need for additional exclusive special courts to expedite trials under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA) and the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (NDPS Act).
Expressing concern over prolonged incarceration of accused persons awaiting trial, the Court observed that existing special courts are often burdened with regular civil and criminal matters, undermining their ability to conduct speedy trials in complex terrorism and narcotics cases.
The Bench noted that the purpose behind creating special courts is defeated when judges assigned to such courts are simultaneously required to handle ordinary judicial work. The Court reportedly remarked that many special courts have become ineffective due to excessive workload and insufficient infrastructure.
To address these concerns, the Supreme Court directed States and Union Territories to furnish details regarding the number of pending UAPA and NDPS cases, the requirement of additional courts, and the infrastructure necessary to ensure timely disposal of such matters.
The Court's intervention forms part of its ongoing efforts to address delays in criminal trials involving national security and narcotics offences. Earlier proceedings had emphasized that prolonged pendency often results in accused persons remaining in custody for years before their guilt or innocence is determined.
The Court has consistently stressed that speedy trial is an integral component of Article 21 of the Constitution and that judicial infrastructure must be strengthened to prevent excessive delays in the administration of justice.
The latest observations are expected to accelerate discussions between the Union Government, State Governments, and judicial authorities regarding the creation of dedicated courts and allocation of financial resources for handling UAPA and NDPS matters.
The matter remains under the Court's consideration as authorities compile data regarding pendency and court requirements across jurisdictions.